Germany’s Energiewende, or energy transition to renewables, is leading to an insecure supply of energy and is affecting the nation’s economy, the Washington-based Institute for Energy Research said.

Germany plans on phasing out all its nuclear plants by 2022 and its coal plants by 2038 in favour of renewable energy, primarily intermittent wind and solar power, which is causing electricity prices to spike and its electric grid to falter, the IER said.

“If Germany continues to phase out both coal and nuclear, it will lose the equivalent of 43% of 2018 secured output,” the IER said.